Publication

Abstract : In India, most of the vehicles which are used for transportation are fueled by fossil fuels which result in environmental pollution. To reduce pollution, the Government of India has introduced electric vehicles as an alternate. This paper presents smart charging for future Indian grid-connected electric vehicles within the demand response (DR) and regulation specified limits. However, due to few requirements in the Indian electricity market, individual EVs are required to be cumulated by EV charging service providers (CSPs). These CSPs optimizes the costs of charging the EV by scheduling them at the proper time considering electricity rates. This method optimizes the scheduling of Electric vehicles by charging only at the time of off-peak loads (Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging operations of EV) and giving back to the grid at time on-peak loads (Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) discharging operations of EV). The parameters like time of arrival, departure, initial state of charge (SOC) and the capacity of an Electric vehicle are taken into consideration. Residential load profile, industrial loads profile, total power from different sources like solar, hydro, and Time-of-Use (TOU) tariffs for India is considered for this study. For this Indian data case study, the effect of V2G/G2V of eighty EV profiles is presented and analyzed. An effective algorithm is also proposed and the results show the superiority of the optimized and scheduled operation of EVs by the proposed method.