Publications

Abstract : This chapter envisioned the importance of carbon-based electrodes in the electrochemical sensing of pharmaceuticals, particularly immunosuppressive drugs. The scope of analytical detection of immunosuppressant drugs has expanded in recent years due to the relevance of these drugs in treatments related to organ transplantations and autoimmune diseases. In addition to the benefits, several side effects are also reported in patients with the usage of these drugs. Hence the detection of these drugs from biologic fluids and pharmaceutical dosages is highly commendable. Electrochemical methods have distinct advantages over other analytical techniques regarding simple instrumentation, fast response time, and high sensitivity. A plethora of electrochemical sensors have been fabricated for biomolecules and pharmaceuticals on carbon-based electrodes especially due to their cost-effective nature and fair electron transfer kinetics. This chapter give insights on the different carbon-based electrode materials adopted for the quantification of the immunosuppressant drugs from real samples using electrochemical methods. An overview on the analytical characteristics and the advantages of the various modified carbon electrodes in the electrochemical detection of immunosuppressant drugs is highlighted in the chapter. This forecasts the readers to enlighten the upcoming research in electrochemical sensing of pharmaceuticals by exploring the properties of various carbon-based electrodes.