Publication

Abstract : Xylazine, a veterinary sedative discovered in Puerto Rico, is increasingly used in the US as an analgesic and muscle relaxant due to its sedative properties. However, its presence in livestock, poultry, or their products after drug administration raises concerns about overdose fatalities and adverse effects. Detecting veterinary drug residues is complex and requires advanced research on detection techniques. Electrochemical analysis is a suitable approach for identifying xylazine in biological and environmental samples to ensure animal safety and food supply quality. This chapter examines the current status of electrochemical detection methods used in identifying xylazine, including conventional voltammetric techniques, electrochemical biosensors, molecularly imprinted polymers, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, metal organic frameworks and their composite materials. The advancement of electrochemical sensors for detecting xylazine holds substantial significance for the fields of veterinary medicine and biomedical research. Swift and in situ identification of xylazine concentrations can guarantee accurate dispensation of medication, prevent excessive dosage, and safeguard animal welfare. Future prospects in electrochemical sensing of xylazine include the investigation and application of cutting-edge sensor materials, the reduction in size, point-of-care apparatus, and the incorporation of artificial intelligence. Collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and policymakers is crucial for navigating the future of electrochemical sensing and unlocking new horizons for precision medicine in veterinary care.