Course

Classification of the illnesses, etiology (genetic mutations involved in the disease) controlling mechanism involved in the disease (e.g. Blood pressure, Respiration, Glomerular filtration etc.) and pathophysiology, biomarkers, Diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, complications, management including pharmacological (including selection of drug with appropriate doses, standard treatment guidelines, newer drugs approved by USFDA, and their Indian market availability, including gene therapy associated with personalized medication, changes in the biomarkers due to therapy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the therapy, ADRs, contraindications with an emphasis on vulnerable population) and non-pharmacological treatment.

Unit 1

Unit 1. Cardiovascular system: 10 hrs

• Hypertension 02hrs
• Congestive cardiac failure 02hrs
• Ischemic heart disease: MI 02hrs
• Acute coronary syndrome 02hrs
• Arrhythmias 02hrs

Unit 2

Unit 2. Respiratory system: 05 hrs

• Asthma 02hrs
• COPD 03hrs

Unit 3

Unit 3. Endocrine system: 06 hrs

• Diabetes 03 hrs
• Thyroid disease 03 hrs

Unit 4

Unit 4. Renal system 04 hrs

• Acute renal failure 02hrs
• Chronic renal failure 02 hrs

Unit 5

Unit 5. Gastrointestinal system 11 hrs

• Peptic Ulcer Diseases 03hrs
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 03 hrs
• Hepatitis 03hr
• Cirrhosis 02hrs

Unit 6

Unit 6. Hematological disorders: 03 hrs

• Anemia 03 hrs

Unit 7

Unit 7. Bone and joint disorders: 06 hrs

• Rheumatoid arthritis 02hrs
• Gout 02hrs
• Osteoporosis 02 hrs

This course provides an opportunity to learn the etiopathogenesis, signs and symptoms, pharmacotherapeutic management of various diseases including recent advances, approved treatment algorithms and guidelines. It gives an insight into the basis behind the selection of drugs in disease management and the role of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. This course also highlights understanding, detection, assessment and prevention of various drug related problems. Recent advances in Pharmacotherapy and patient-specific management strategies are included and emphasized. It emphasizes student-directed acquisition of necessary knowledge in the management of various diseases.

It imparts knowledge and skills necessary for the rational use of medicines. The focus of this unit of study is to help students gain a grasp of how to use medications and related acceptable health measures in particular patient populations, including children, the elderly, pregnant women, people with disabilities, and special patient groups. Concepts from clinical practice, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacy will all be incorporated into this unit of study. Students will engage in activities such as case-study analysis, role-plays, problem solving, and case presentations during study period. Through these exercises, students will be able to investigate drug-related information sources and apply their understanding of clinical indices, laboratory results, medication usage patterns, and demographic data to tailor drug therapy to the specific requirements of each patient. Students will receive “hands-on” training in educating patients on medication history review, medication reconciling, about the use of medications, as well as an exploration of important concerns related to maintaining vigilance over the use of medications relevant to particular population groups.

Upon successful completion of the course, students shall be able to:

KNOWLEDGE

K1: Describe the terms related to various disorders

K2 : Outline the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of various diseases

K3 : Enumerate the reference ranges for various laboratory parameters

K4: Illustrate the standard treatment guidelines for various diseases/disorders

K5: Evaluate the role of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in various diseases/disorders

K6: Analyse the patient specific parameters relevant in initiating and continuing drug therapy

SKILL

S1: Justify the relevance of changes in drug therapy in the management of various disorders

S2: Interpret the variations in laboratory values

S3: Audit prescriptions for accuracy and appropriateness

S4: Demonstrate the ability to recognize and report various drug related problems

S5: Implement interventions towards patient safety and sort out discharge medications as per discharge summary.

S6: Apply the pharmacological knowledge in prevention and treatment of various disorders

ATTITUDE

A1: Display sincerity, punctuality and integrity

A2: Appreciate the cultural backgrounds, beliefs and values of patients.

A3: Embrace the importance of patient-centred care within the hospital.

A4: Uphold the ethical values in maintaining the confidentiality of patient information.

A5:. Communicate effectively with various stakeholders exhibiting professionalism in all clinical activities.

A6: Manging the emotional and psychological aspects of patients and caregivers.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Joseph DiPiro. DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 12th Edition. 2023.
2. Koda Applied Therapeutics: The clinical use of drugs,12th edition. 2024
3. Walker Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 5th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
4. Eric T. Herfindal. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – 7^th, Williams and Wilkins Publication ; 2000.

JOURNALS

1. The American Journal of Cardiology, Elsevier
2. Journal of Diabetes research, Wiley online
3. Journal of Gastroenterology, Springer
4. Journal of Renal care, Wiley online
5. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, American Thoracic Society

ONLINE RESOURCES

NICE Guidelines for HTN:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136

Diabetes: https://professional.diabetes.org/standards-of-care/practice-guidelines-resources RENAL :https://kdigo.org/guidelines/

Hepatic :https://www.aasld.org/practice-guidelines (COPD):https://goldcopd.org/2024-gold-report/

Anemia:https://www.hematology.org/education/clinicians/guidelines-and-quality-care/clinical- practice-guidelines.

ASSIGNMENTS.

1. Differentiate the diagnosis of arrhythmia, MI, CHF and ischemic heart diseases based on ECG
2. Recent trends in the management of Tuberculosis in patients with chronic liver
3. Various surgical interventions for the treatment of
4. General prescribing guidelines for immunocompromised and organ failure patients
5. Prepare a case on Drug induced liver
6. List out various complications arise in terms of electrolytes during exacerbation of COPD and asthma
7. . Discuss in detail on Drug Induced Pulmonary Diseases

8 Explain the complications of hemodialysis and its treatment

9. Recent FDA approved drugs related to various system