Course

Unit I

Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance.
Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacte- rial growth (total & viable count).
Study of different types of phase constrast microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron microsco- py.

(10 Hours)

Unit II

Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and bio- chemical tests (IMViC).
Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of physical, chemical gaseous,radia- tion and mechanical method of sterilization.
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods.
Equipments employed in large scale sterilization.
Sterility indicators.

(10 Hours)

Unit III

Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Viruses.
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants
Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. For bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions
Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.

(10 Hours)

Unit IV

Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay. Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
Assessment of a new antibiotic.

(10 Hours)

Unit V

Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.
Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and trans- formed cell cultures.
Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.

(07 Hours)

‘Pharmaceutical Microbiology – Theory’ is a course offered in the third semester of B. Pharm program at School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

Course Duration: 45 Hours

Scope:

Study of all categories of microorganisims especially for the production of alchol antibiotics, vac- cines, vitamins enzymes etc.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to

1. Understand methods of identification, cultivation and preservation of various microorganisms
2. To understand the importance and implementation of sterlization in pharmaceutical processing and industry
3. Learn sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
4. Carried out microbiological standardization of Pharmaceuticals.
5. Understand the cell culture technology and its applications in pharmaceutical industries.