Course

Experiments:

1. Quantification of single component formulations/API / biological samples by UV Vis spectrophotometer using different methods like Calibration graph method, Linear Equation Method, Single point Analysis, Absorptivity Value methods
2. Quantification of the single component formulations /API / biological samples by HPLC using different methods like Calibration graph method, Linear Equation Method, and Single point Analysis.
3. Simultaneous estimation of multi-component formulations/API / biological samples by HPLC
4. Estimation of riboflavin/quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
5. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry
6. Synthesis of α, β unsaturated compound by using Claisen-Schmidt reaction along with its purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy.
7. Synthesis of α–hydroxycarboxylic acids by using Benzylic acid rearrangement reaction along with its purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy.
8. Synthesis of substituted amides by using Beckmann rearrangement reaction along with its purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy.
9. Synthesis of primary amines by using Hoffmann rearrangement reaction along with its purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy.
10. Synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds by using Mannich reaction along with its purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy.
11. Synthesis of medicinally important compounds using Benzoylation along with purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy
12. Synthesis of medicinally important compounds using Diel’s Alder reaction along with purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy
13. Synthesis of medicinally important compounds using Knoevenagel condensation along with purification and characterisation using TLC, melting point, and IR spectroscopy
14. Isolation of phytoconstituents and their characterization like melting point, chromatographic technique for identification of isolated compounds, and interpretation of its UV and IR data. (8 experiments)

The scope of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Practical is multifaceted, encompassing a comprehensive array of laboratory exercises to provide students with practical experience in various aspects of pharmaceutical chemistry.

Practical exercises involve the synthesis of organic compounds that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This includes techniques such as organic synthesis, purification, and characterization of drug molecules. Students learn synthetic routes, reaction mechanisms, purification methods, and characterization techniques essential for the production of pharmaceutical compounds.

Practical sessions provide hands-on experience with different analytical techniques used in pharmaceutical chemistry. This includes chromatography techniques such as High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and column chromatography (CC) and spectroscopic methods including UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Students learn how to operate analytical instruments, perform sample preparation, analyze data, and interpret results for drug quantification and characterization.

The practical curriculum also covers a wide range of laboratory exercises focused on the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of natural compounds derived from plants. Students gain practical experience in extraction, and purification of natural products, which are valuable sources of new drug leads and pharmacologically active compounds.

Through practical laboratory work, students develop critical thinking abilities and problem- solving skills essential for addressing challenges in pharmaceutical chemistry. They learn to troubleshoot experimental procedures, interpret complex data, and make informed decisions based on experimental results. Students will gain a holistic understanding of the practical applications of chemistry in drug discovery, development, and quality assurance within the pharmaceutical industry. Overall, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Practical is designed to equip students with essential laboratory skills, theoretical knowledge, and practical experience necessary for a successful career in pharmaceutical research, development, and quality control.

1. Becket H. & Stenlake J.B. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol. I and II, 4^th edn, The Athlon Press of the University of London. 1998.
2. Sethi, P. D. Sethi’s HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations, Volume 8. India: CBS Publishers & Distributors. 2015
3. Peach K, Tracy MV. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, Vol I-VII.1^stSpringer- Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG; 2011.
4. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3^rd London: Springer-Chapman & Hall 1998.
5. S.Furniss, Antony.J.Hannaford, Peter W.G.Smith, Austin.R.Tatachell.Vogel’s textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry.5^th ed. Pearson Education; 2011.
6. Arun Systematic lab experiments in organic chemistry. 2^nded.New Age International Pvt Ltd.2011.
7. K.Ahluwalia, R. Aggarwal.Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry.Reprints 2007.Universities Press(India)Pvt Ltd.

JOURNALS:

1. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (Elsevier) https://www.com/journal/journal-of-pharmaceutical-analysis
2. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis (Bentham Science) https://benthamscience.com/public/journals/current-pharmaceutical-analysis
3. Journal of Chromatography A – Elsevier https://www.com/journal/journal-of-chromatography-a
4. Journal of Chromatography B – Elsevier https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-chromatography-b
5. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry) https://www.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/organic-biomolecular- chemistry/
6. Journal of Organic Chemistry (ACS Publishers) https://pubs.acs.org/journal/joceah
7. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. https://orgmedchemlett.springeropen.com/ (Springer)
8. Journal of Natural Products (American Chemical Society –ACS Publishers) https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jnprdf
9. Natural product reports (Royal Society of Chemistry) https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/npr/
10. Planta Medica (Thieme Publishers) https://www.in/planta-medica