Course

‘Pathophysiology – Theory’ is a course offered in the second year of Pharm. D. program at School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.

Course Duration: 3 Hrs./Week

Scope:

This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understand- ing of basic Pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathol- ogy, but also to get baseline knowledge of its application in other subject of pharmacy.

Objectives of the Subject

Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –

1. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
2. Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
3. Mention the complications of the diseases.

Text Books (Theory)

1. Pathologic basis of disease by- Cotran, Kumar, Robbins
2. Text book of Pathology- Harsh Mohan
3. Text book of Pathology- Y.M. Bhinde

Reference Books (Theory)

1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; Second edition; Roger Walker; Churchill Livingstone publication

Chapter

1. Basic principles of cell injury and Adaptation
   1. Causes, Pathogenesis and morphology of cell injury
   2. Abnormalities in lipoproteinaemia, glycogen infiltration and glycogen infiltration and glycogen infiltration and glycogen storage diseases
2. Inflammation
   1. Pathogenesis of acute inflammation, Chemical mediators in inflammation, Types of chronic inflammation
   2. Repairs of wounds in the skin, factors influencing healing of wounds
3. Diseases of Immunity
   1. Introduction to Tand B cells
   2. MHC proteins or transplantation antigens
   3. Immune tolerance
      – Hypersensitivity
      Hypersensitivity type I, II, III, IV, Biological significance, Allergy due to food, chemicals and drugs
      – Autoimmunity
      Criteria for autoimmunity, Classifications of autoimmune diseases in man, mechanism of autoimmuni- ty, Transplantation and immunologic tolerance, allograft rejections, transplantation antigens, mecha- nism of rejection of allograft.
      – Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      – Amylodosis
4. Cancer: differences between benign and malignant tumors, Histological diagnosis of malignancy, in- vasions and metastasis, patterns of spread, disturbances of growth of cells, classification of tumors, general biology of tumors, spread of malignant tumors, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer.
5. Types of shock, mechanisms, stages and management
6. Biological effects of radiation
7. Environmental and nutritional diseases
   1. Air pollution and smoking- SO2,NO, NO2, and CO
   2. Protein calorie malnutrition, vitamins, obesity, pathogenesis of starvation.
8. Pathophysiology of common diseases
   1. Parkinsonism
   2. Schizophrenia
   3. Depression and mania
   4. Hypertension,
   5. Stroke (ischaemic and hemorrhage)
   6. Angina, CCF, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction
   7. Diabetes Mellitus
   8. Peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel diseases
   9. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic liver diseases
   10. Acute and chronic renal failure
   11. Asthma and chronic obstructive airway diseases
9. Infectious diseases :Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV,Syphilis,Gonorrhea), Urinary tract infections, Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tu- berculosis, Leprosy, Malaria Dysentery (bacterial and amoebic ), Hepatitis- infective hepatitis.

Assignments

Title of the Experiment

1. Chemical Mediators of inflammation
2. Drug Hypersensitivity
3. Cigarette smoking & its ill effects
4. Biological Effects of Radiation
5. Etiology and hazards of obesity
6. Complications of diabetes
7. Diagnosis of cancer
8. Disorders of vitamins
9. Methods in Pathology-Laboratory values of clinical significance
10. Pathophysiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

Format of the assignment

1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.