Course

Unit I

Synthesis of nanomaterials: Basic chemistry concepts, Inorganic, organic synthesis and analytical chemistry methods, concepts of precipitation reaction, mechanisms of nanocrystal growth, LaMer theory, Oswald ripening, coalescence

Unit II

Bottom-up synthesis approaches – Nanoprecipitation reaction, synthesis of zero-dimensional metal, metal oxides, semiconductor nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation routes, high-pressure homogenization

Unit III

Bottom-up synthesis approaches- Micro-emulsion route of synthesis, basic concepts of surfactant, emulsion, micelles, reverse micelles, critical micellar concentration, micro-emulsions: water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions, double emulsion and applications

Unit IV

Bottom-up synthesis approaches: Sol-gel method, hydrolysis and condensation, Self-assembly, Kinetically Confined Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Unit V

Template-based synthesis; Synthesis of one dimensional nanosystems by different routes – VLS and SLS methods, Synthesis of two dimensional nanosystems

Unit VI

Top-down approaches: Fundamentals of nano–thin film Growth; Vapor phase deposition methods – Physical and chemical vapor phase methods; Langmuir-Blodgett Films; Electrochemical Deposition; laws of electrolysis and deposition

Characterization:

Unit VII

Structure, Morphology and Surface (10 lectures)

Crystal structure, Lattice parameters, nanoparticle size by Debye-Scherrer’s formula. Working principles of the Scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron Microscope, particle size Dynamic Light scattering, Elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Atomic absorption and inductively coupled Plasma. Fundamental working principles of scanning probe microscopy (STM) Atomic Force Microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy

Unit VIII

Spectroscopy (7 lectures)

Fundamentals of spectroscopy, vibrational and rotational spectroscopy, Nanomaterials analysis using UV-VIS, Infrared & Raman spectroscopy, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy using nanotechnology. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, Basic principles and applications of Mass spectrometry, chromatography and High-pressure Liquid chromatography in nanomaterial or nanomedicine characterization.

Total number of classes: 45

Course Outcomes:

• To understand various chemical synthesis (Bottom-up) of diverse types of nanomaterials (0D, 1D and 2D)
• To understand various physical methods (Top-down) of fabricating nanomaterials and nanostructures
• Decipher information on the various class of nanomaterials based on composition, shape and size (1D, 2D, 3/0D nanostructures)
• To understand the application potential of nanomaterials based on their unique properties and importance of selecting appropriate synthesis methods that will suit the specific application.
• To learn the fundamental principles of characterizing nanomaterials for their morphology, structure, chemistry and functionality through diverse methods of microscopy, spectroscopy, scattering and diffraction.

References

1. Nanomaterials – An introduction to synthesis, properties and applications, D. Vollath, Wiley-VCH, Second Edition 2013.
2. Cao, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials – Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Imperial College Press 2006.
3. Elements of X-ray Diffraction, B. D. Cullity and S. R. Stock (Pearson)
4. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy, R.F. Egerton (Springer)
5. Scanning Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy, D. A. Bonnell (Wiley)
6. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. N. Banwell (McGraw Hill)
7. Nanostructured materials: Processing, Properties and Potential Applications, Edited by Carl. C. Koch, Noyes Publications, 2002.
8. Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction, William D Callister, 12^th Edition, John Wiley (Available in Amazon India, Rs. 287)