Unit 1

Fuels – Solid fuels – Classification, preparation, cleaning, analysis, ranking and properties – action of heat, oxidation, hydrogenation, carbonization, liquefaction and gasification.

Liquid fuels – Petroleum – origin, production, composition, classification, petroleum processing, properties, testing – flow test, smoke points, storage and handling.

Secondary liquid fuels – Gasoline, diesel, kerosene and lubricating oils. Liquid fuels – refining, cracking, fractional distillation, polymerization. Modified and synthetic liquid fuels. ASTM methods of testing the fuels.

Unit 2

Gaseous fuels – Types, natural gas, methane from coal mine, water gas, carrier gas, producer gas, flue gas, blast furnace gas, biomass gas, refinery gas, LPG – manufacture, cleaning, purification and analysis. Fuels for spark ignition engines, knocking and octane number, anti knock additives, fuels for compression, engines, octane number, fuels for jet engines and rockets.

Flue gas analysis by chromatography and sensor techniques.

Unit 3

Combustion: Stochiometry, thermodynamics. Nature and types of combustion processes – Mechanism – ignition temperature, explosion range, flash and fire points, calorific value, calorific intensity, theoretical flame temperature. Combustion calculations, theatrical air requirements, flue gas analysis, combustion kinetics – hydrogen – oxygen reaction and hydrocarbon – oxygen reactions.

Rocket propellants and Explosives – classification, brief methods of preparation, characteristics; storage and handling.

• Fuels and Combustion, Samir Sarkar, Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd, 3^rd edition, 2009.

• Fuels – Solids, liquids and gases – Their analysis and valuation, H. Joshua Philips, Biobliolife Publisher, 2008.
• An introduction to combustion: Concept and applications – Stephen R Turns, Tata Mc. Graw Hill, 3^rd edition, 2012.
• Fundamentals of Combustion, D P Mishra, 1st edition, University Press, 2010
• Engineering Chemistry – R. Mukhopadhyay and Sriparna Datta, Newage International Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

Evaluation Pattern

Course Objectives

To provide the basic knowledge about fuels, rocket propellants and explosives.

Course Outcomes

• CO1: Understand the types of fuels and variation in their properties
• CO2: Able to analyze the fuel content
• CO3: Obtain knowledge in identifying a proper fuel as per the requirement
• CO4: Ability to know the preparation and working of propellants and explosives