Number Systems: Decimal system – Positional number systems – Binary system – Converting between binary and decimal – Hexadecimal notations. Computer Arithmetic: ALU – Integer representation – Integer arithmetic – Floating-point representation – Floating-point arithmetic. Digital Logic: Boolean algebra – Gates – Combinational circuits – Sequential circuits.
Fixed point Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. Floating Point arithmetic, High performance arithmetic, Subword parallelism
Input / Output Concepts And Terminology – Buses And Bus Architectures – Programmed And Interrupt-Driven I/O – A Programmer”s View Of Devices, I/O, And Buffering.
Memory hierarchy, Memory Chip Organization, Cache memory, Virtual memory. Parallel Bus Architectures, Internal Communication Methodologies, Serial Bus Architectures, Mass storage, Input and Output Devices.
Parallelism: Introduction – Parallel And Pipelined Architectures – Characterizations Of Parallelism -Types of parallelism and parallel architectures (Flynn classification) – Communication, Coordination, And Contention – Performance Of Multiprocessors – Consequences For Programmers – Redundant Parallel Architectures – Distributed And Cluster Computers. Data Pipelining: The concept of pipelining – Software pipelining – Software pipelining and Hardware pipelining.