Unit-1

Cardiac System Heart structure and function. Cardiac cycle. Various valves and their functions. IABP. Cardiovascular measurements. Heart lung machine. Applications. Clinical significance. CVP and SWAN Catheters.

Unit-2

Electrocardiogram and Interpretation Electrocardiography: Sources of ECG potentials. Dipole theory. Conduction system. Normal and abnormal ECGs. Diagnostic applications. Interpretation of ECG. Cardiac pacing. Diagnostic indications. Criteria for selection. Therapeutic indications. Complications. Pacemaker. Temporary pacing. Permanent pacing.

Unit-3

Orthopedics and Fracture Bioengineering Orthopedics & Fracture Bioengineering aspects of fracture management. Structure of bone: gross, microscopic biochemical. Fracture-types mechanism of injury. Normal healing of fractures. Pieze electricity and electrical stimulation for bone healing. Treatment of fractures-general principles –closed methods. External fixation and internal fixation. Biomechanics of internal fixation and description of external fixators. Bioengineering principles of internal fixation. Intra medullary nails. Plates, screws. The concepts of load hearing and load sharing and shielding by implants.

Unit-4

Joints and Disease Joints bioengineering aspects of joint diseases. Structure of joints – fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial. Lubrication of joints and the function of articular cartilage. Degeneration of cartilage degenerative arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Joint replacement, hip, knee, shoulder, small joints.

Course Objectives:

• To understand physiology and pathology of the cardiac system.
• To understand the normal and abnormal ECG along with their interpretation.
• To study about orthopedics and fracture management.
• To know about joints and their diseases.

Course Outcomes:

After completing this course, students should be able to
CO1 : Comprehend the basic physiology and pathology of the cardiac system.
CO2 : Analyse the symptomatic signatures in ECG and their interpretation.
CO3 : Identify clinical basic problems in joints and orthopaedics issues.

CO-PO mapping

1. Rushmer, R. F. (1967). Cardiovascular Dynamics. United Kingdom: W.B. Saunders.
2. Frankel, V. H., Nordin, M. (2012). Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. United Kingdom: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3. Maheshwari, J., Mhaskar, V. A. (2019). Essential Orthopaedics: (including Clinical Methods). India: Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited.
4. Hall, J. E. (2020). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. United States: Elsevier.
5. Grant, A. W., Grant, A., Waugh, A. (2006). Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone.