Course

Unit I

X-Rays: Continuous X-ray spectra. Duanne and Hunt limit. Characteristic X ray spectra, Moseley’s law and its significance, X-ray energy levels.
Bragg’s law and Bragg spectrometer.A brief mention of different types of crystals. Structures of NaCl and KCl crystals.
Compton Effect – Expression for Compton Shift.

Unit II

Atomic Spectra
The Electron: Determination of e/m of an electron by Thomson method, Determination of charge of an electron by Millikan’s oil drop method.
Atomic Spectra: Inadequacy of Bohr atomic model, correction due to finite mass of the nucleus, Rydberg constant in terms of reduced mass, Excitation and Ionization potentials, Franck-Hertz experiment, Bohr-Sommerfeld Model of atom, vector model of an atom, Electron spin, space quantization, magnetic moment of an electron due to its orbital motion. Stern-Gerlach experiment and its theory. Spin-orbit interaction and Fine structure of spectral lines.Quantum numbers and selection rules.Pauli’s exclusion principle.Electronic configuration of atoms.Valence electron and a brief mention of L-S and J-J coupling for trio electron atoms.

Unit III

Zeeman effect: Introduction, experimental study of normal Zeeman effect, theory of normal Zeeman effect, expression for Zeeman effect, quantum theory of normal Zeeman effect, anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect and Stark effect.

Unit IV

Molecular Spectra (10 hrs): Molecular formation, the H molecular ion, H2 – molecule. Salient features of molecular spectra.
Rotation, vibration and electronic spectra of molecules, associated quantum numbers and selection rules. Theory of pure rotation and rotation- vibration spectra, Raman and IR spectra, simple applications.

Unit V

NMR Spectroscopy: Introduction to NMR spectroscopy, Chemical shifts and J-coupling One-dimensional proton NMR One dimensional NMR of X-nuclei (13C, 15N, 31P and 19F)Homonuclear 2D NMR Heteronuclear 2D NMR Structure determination of molecules.

Objective:To enable students to apply the basic knowledge of classical and quantum mechanics at the atomic and molecular level.

CO – PO mapping

TEXTBOOKS:
1 Atomic and nuclear physics -Littlefield and T.V. Thorley
2 Molecular spectra – G Herzberg
3 Fundamental university physics, vol. 3 – Aloson and Finn

REFERENCES:

1 Perspectives of Modern Physics Beiser.
2 Electromagnetism, Reitz and Milford.
3 Concepts of modern physics, Fifth Edition- ABeiser
4 Introduction to modern Physics- F.R. Richtmeyer. E.H. Kennard and T. Lauritsen
5 Lasers – A K Gatak
6 Modern Physics – K.S. Krane
7 Introduction to modern Physics – H S Mani and G K Mehta