Course

Unit I

Mechanics of the body: Skeleton, forces, and body stability. Muscles and dynamics of body movement. Physics of Loco-motors Systems: joints and movements, Stability and Equilibrium. Energy household of the body: Energy balance in the body, Energy consumption of the body, Heat losses of the body, Thermal Regulation. Pressure system of body: Physics of breathing, Physics of cardiovascular system.

Unit II

Acoustics of the body: Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of speech, Physics of the ear, Diagnostics with sound and ultrasound. Optical system of the body: Physics of the eye. Electrical system of the body: Physics of the nervous system, Electrical signals and information transfer.

Unit III

X-RAYS: Electromagnetic spectrum, production of x-rays, x-ray spectra, Bremsstrahlung, Characteristic x-ray. X-ray tubes & types: Coolidge tube, x-ray tube design, tube cooling stationary mode, Rotating anode x-ray tube, Tube rating, quality and intensity of x-ray. X-ray generator circuits, half wave and full wave rectification, filament circuit, kilo voltage circuit, types of X-Ray Generator, high frequency generator, exposure timers and switches, HT cables, HT generation.

Unit IV

Radiation Physics: Radiation units exposure, absorbed dose, units: rad, grey, relative biological effectiveness, effective dose, inverse square law. Interaction of radiation with matter Compton & photoelectric effect, Rem & Sievert, linear attenuation coefficient. Radiation Detectors: Thimble chamber, condenser chambers, Geiger Muller counter, Scintillation counters and Solid State detectors, ionisation chamber, Dosimeters, survey methods, area monitors, TLD, Semiconductor detectors

Unit V

Radiation And Radiation Protection: Principles of radiation protection,protective materials-radiation effects, somatic, genetic stochastic and deterministic effect. Personal monitoring devices: TLD film badge, pocket dosimeter, OSL dosimeter. Radiation dosimeter. Natural radioactivity, Biological effects of radiation, Radiation monitors. Steps to reduce radiation to Patient, Staff and Public. Dose Limits for Occupational workers and Public. AERB: Existence and Purpose.

OBJECTIVE: To enable students to provide Medical Physics support with the goal of improving the effectiveness and safety in the use of Physics and technologies in medicine.

Course outcomes:

1. Ability to describe the mechanism of the body.
2. To explain the acoustics of the body.
3. Ability to explain the application of X-rays in medical field.
4. Ability to explain the application of radiation in medical field.
5. Ability to explain the protection given to patient, staff and public from radiation.

 CO – P O Mapping

TEXT BOOKS:

1)Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K. Thayalan – Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing Pvt. Ltd.   New Delhi (2003)

2) Physics of Radiation Therapy: F M Khan – Williams and Wilkins, Third edition (2003)

3) Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint & H.T. Worship, 1971, Asia Publishing House.

REFERENCES:

1) Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology: Curry, Dowdey and Murry – Lippincot Williams and Wilkins (1990)

2) The essential physics of Medical Imaging: Bushberg, Seibert, Leidholdt and 36 Boone Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Second Edition (2002)

3) The Physics of Radiology-H E Johns and Cunningham.

4) Handbook of Physics in Diagnostic Imaging: Roshan S. Livingstone: B. I. Publications Pvt Ltd.

5) A Text Book of Practical Physics, InduPrakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, KitabMahal, New Delhi.