Syllabus
Practical: (15 hours)
(A minimum of ten experiments to be done from the list given below)
1) Study of the oscillations of a column of water as a function of its length and study of damped oscillation.
2) To determine the velocity of sound at room temperature and the end correction by setting up a resonance column (first resonance length)
3) Study of torsional oscillations of a loaded wire and determination of the rigidity modulus of the material of the wire.
4) Verification of Stefan’s Boltzmann law using Potentiometer.
5) Study of Newton’s law of cooling.
6) Determination of Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee Charlton method.
7) Specific heat of a solid by the method of mixtures.
8) Determination of latent heat of fusion of ice by calorimetric method.
9) J by Joules Calorimeter.
10) Study of transverse vibrations on a sonometer. To determine the frequency by (i) absolute method, (ii) Comparison method
11) Melde’s experiment – determination of frequency
12) Frequency of AC by a sonometer.
Unit I
Kinetic Theory of Gases: (10 hours)
Introduction, Kinetic Theory of Gases, kinetic theory as particle model and usefulness of the model in explaining the regular structure of crystals (Review), an ideal gas – a macroscopic description, an ideal gas – a microscopic description, kinetic calculation of pressure, kinetic interpretation of temperature, ideal gas scale, intermolecular forces, specific heat of an ideal gas, law of equipartition of energy.
Mean free path, van der Waal’s equations of State, critical constants, application to liquefaction of gases.
Unit II
Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics: (8 hours)
Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, ideal gas temperature scale, heat as a form of energy, quantity of heat and specific heat, molar heat capacities of solids, the mechanical equivalent of heat, heat and work; First law of thermodynamics, Discussion on usefulness of First Law of Thermodynamics in Meteorology, some special cases of the first law of thermodynamics – (i) adiabatic process, (ii) isothermal process, (iii) isochoric process, (iv) cyclic process, (v) free expansion.
Unit III
Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics: (12 hours)
Introduction, reversible and irreversible processes, the Carnot cycle, Carnot engine, Carnot theorem, absolute scale of temperature, second law of thermodynamics, efficiency of engines, the thermodynamic temperature scale, entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, entropy and the II law, entropy and disorder, consequences of II and III law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics as a probabilistic statement.
Low temperature Physics – Porous Plug experiment, temperature of inversion, principle of regenerative cooling, liquefaction of air by Linde’s method.
Unit IV
Thermodynamic potentials: (7 hours)
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz function, Gibbs function, relations among these functions, Gibbs-Helmholtz equations.
Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations:
Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations, TdS equations, Internal energy equations, Heat capacity equations. Change of temperature during adiabatic process using Maxwell’s relations
Unit V
The Statistical Physics: (8 hours)
Statistical basics of thermodynamics, probability distribution, micro and macro states, constraints, Distribution of particles and energy states. Statistical interpretation of second law of thermodynamics, Boltzmann’s canonical distribution law and its application.
Objectives and Outcomes
Objective:
To enable students to see relation between linear and rotational motion and understand the production and propagations of waves in elastic media. And also understand the laws of thermodynamics and its applications.
Course Outcome:
| CO’s |
Description |
| CO1 |
Ability to explain the kinetic theory of gases. |
| CO2 |
To understand the basic concept of heat and first law of thermodynamics. |
| CO3 |
To gain the knowledge about Carnot’s engine. Second law of thermodynamics and its application. |
| CO4 |
Interpretation thermodynamic potential and Maxwell’s equation. |
| CO5 |
To analyze the statistical interpretation of laws of thermodynamics |
| CO6 |
Ability to do experiment on heat and thermodynamics. |
CO – PO mapping
| |
PO1 |
PO2 |
PO3 |
PO4 |
PO5 |
PO6 |
PO7 |
PO8 |
PO9 |
PO10 |
PSO1 |
PSO2 |
PSO3 |
PSO4 |
| CO1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| CO2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| CO3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| CO4 |
3 |
|
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| CO5 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
|
| CO6 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
Text Books / References
Textbooks:
1) Halliday and Resnick: Fundamentals of Physics, 9th edition, Wiley India, 2011.
2) Brijlal,N. Subramanyam P.S. Hemne: Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, 1stEdition. S Chand Publishing, 2007.
3) S C Gupta: Thermodynamics, 1st edition, Pearson, 2005.
References:
1) R. H. Dittaman and M. W. Zemansky: Heat and Thermodynamics, 7th edition, The McGraw – Hill companies, 2007.
2) S. J. Blundell and K. M. Blundell: Concepts in Thermal Physics, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2006.
