Course

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Perform the following clinical activities for the given case scenario:

1. Causality assessment and reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions(ADR)
2. Detection and management of Medication errors

1. Rational use of medicine in special population

1. Review Look alike and Sound alike drugs

1. Examine high risk medication list of hospital

2. Present clinical scenario in SOAP format (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan)
3. Perform Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for a given data:

1. Interpretation of reports of a given patient Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

1. Percentage calculations and conversions- Milligram – Milliequivalents ; milliequivalent – milligram
2. Dose calculation in renal failure

1. Dose calculation in hepatic failure

1. Dose calculation in obesity and paediatrics

5. Evaluate outcome measures for the given pharmacoepidemiologic data

1. Incidence and prevalence calculation

1. Odds ratio and Relative risk ratio, Hazard ratio

1. Calculation of Defined Daily Dose, Prescribed Daily Dose

1. Quality of life assessment methods at least for two diseases

6. Calculation of various Pharmacoeconomic outcome analysis for the given data using the principles of cost effective / cost –benefit / cost-utility analysis

This practical includes Principles of Quality Use of Medicines, Pharmacotherapeutics II, Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics. This course focuses on ensuring the safe, effective, and economical use of medicines. It also covers the rational selection of drug therapies based on evidence-based guidelines. Students examine cases to develop skills in clinical decision-making and personalized medicine. The subject integrates knowledge of pathophysiology with pharmacology to design effective treatment plans and covers the principles of pharmacokinetics and calculation of rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

It includes methods for calculating and interpreting pharmacokinetic parameters to use them in calculation of dose and dosing regimen. Practical skills in interpreting TDM data and adjusting dosages in response to patient-specific factors are also developed. The course also focuses on the study of the utilisation of medications and effects of drugs in large populations and the economic aspects of drug therapy, which involves analyzing drug utilization patterns, outcomes, cost effectiveness and safety helping to guide resource allocation and decision-making in healthcare.

Upon successful completion of this course , students shall be able to;

KNOWLEDGE

K1: Outline the benefits and risks associated with use of medicines

K2: Identify the applications of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics in clinical settings

K3: Learn the factors to be considered in dose calculation for Geriatrics, Paediatrics, obese population and for vaccine safety

K4: Correlate drug kinetics with type of drug distribution

K5: Develop an understanding of standard treatment guidelines of various diseases.

K6: Design individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis and resolve various Drug Related Problems.

SKILL

S1: Categorise hospital formulary drugs into Look Alike and Sound Alike medicines

S2: Elaborate on the reasoning behind the advancements in clinical outcomes and the modifications implemented in drug therapy.

S3: Demonstrate the ability to recognize and report various drug related problem.

S4: Calculate drug dosing in liver and renal failure

S5: Ensure quality use of medicine

S6: Practice evidence-based medicine (EBM)

ATTITUDE

A1: Communicate effectively with patients and other healthcare professionals.

A2: Participate in health care initiatives.

A3: Appreciate the cultural backgrounds, beliefs and values of patients.

A4: Recognise the emotional and psychological aspects of patients and caretakers.

A5: Extend the pharmacoepidemiologic knowledge to community sector.

A6: Respect patient autonomy, confidentiality, and privacy in all Pharmacoepidemiologic research and practice.

REFERENCES

1. Roger C, Walker R. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
2. Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posner JD, editors. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 11th ed. New York: Appleton & Lange;
3. Parthasarathi G, Nyfort-Hansen K, Nahata MC. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Essential Concepts and Skills. 2nd ed. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan Pvt. Ltd; 2012.
4. Shargel L, Wu-Pong S, Yu A. Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
5. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O’Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.

JOURNALS

1. Drug safety (Springer)
2. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics –Wiley- (Blackwell)

3. Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology