Publication

Abstract : It is crucial to comprehend ternary hybrid nanofluids, which are composed of three distinct types of nanoparticles with varying densities and shapes, in order to properly administer heat in automobiles. In the automotive industry, temperature control and optimal engine performance depend on efficient heat transfer. By enabling exact customization of heat transfer properties, ternary hybrid nanofluids offer a unique advantage that improves cooling, lowers energy consumption, and boosts engine performance. The article describes a ternary hybrid nanofluid's flow, mass, and heat transmission between the porous parallel plates by incorporating a magnetic field, heat sink/source, activation energy, chemical reactions, and quadratic thermal radiation. The governing continuity, momentum, heat, and mass partial differential equations are converted into related, nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE) via similarity transformations and solved using RKF-45 method. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM)'s face-centered Central Composite Design is used to calculate the transfer of heat flux at the wall. This approach accounts for the interplay between the heat radiation, magnetic parameter, and squeezing number. Further, sensitivity analysis is used to examine the heat transfer flux, skin friction, and Sherwood number of the ternary nanofluid to understand better how these variables interact with other system properties. It is noted that the local Nusselt number is more sensitive to the magnetic and squeezing factors than the local Sherwood number, although the latter is more sensitive to the former.