Unit 1: Introduction : History of database systems – Purpose of Database systems – File Systems Vs Database systems –Database architecture – Different Data models of Database. Relational Data Model: Structure of relational databases– Database schema – Formal Relational Query Languages. Database Design: Overview of the design process – The E-R Models – Constraints – Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets – E-R Diagrams – Reduction to Relational Schemas.
Unit 2: Relational Database Design: Different Normal forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and Higher Normal Forms, Decomposition using Functional Dependencies – Functional Dependency Theory – Multi-valued dependency – SQL: Introduction to SQL – Intermediate SQL.
Unit 3: Transactions: Transaction concept – A simple transaction model – Transaction atomicity and durability – Serializability – Recoverable schedules, Casecadeless schedules. Concurrency control: Lock-based protocols – Locks, granting of locks, The two-phase locking protocol, Graph-based protocols. Deadlock handling: Deadlock prevention, Deadlock detection and recovery.