Publication

Abstract : This article presents the mitigations of Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) using extrinsic and intrinsic methods in fiber optic Dense wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system design. The presence of FWM introduces excessive sidelobes in the DWDM system, which consumes high input power, lowers spectral efficiency, and increased structural design complexity with network latency. FWM in DWDM introduces more signal distortion and cross talk, which lowers system gain, Q-factor and output signal power that degrades DWDM system performance. In this paper, DWDM system is implemented with Germanosilicate doped EDFA (GS-EDFA) and Reflectivity based Fiber Bragg Grating (R-FBG) to mitigate FWM. The proposed DWDM design achieves high gain of 43.69753 dB, with Q-factor 118.585 and an optimal output signal power using intrinsic and extrinsic methods and reduces the excessive side lobes due to FWM impairments. Influence of input transmission power, the impact of GS-EDFA length over gain and noise figure characteristics, and effects of various pump power are discussed for different modulation formats using 980 nm and 1480 nm pump configurations. Furthermore, this paper also investigates an optimized modulation format and analyzes FWM influencing design parameters such as higher data rate, low channel spacing, and optimum input power over long distance DWDM system transmission. The performance of the proposed DWDM is evaluated through mitigating metrics such as signal power, OSNR, noise figure, gain, and Q-factor.