Unit 1

Introduction to Active Filtering – Categories of Filters – LP, HP, BP, BE and All Pass Filters – Second Order s-domain equations in each case and their pole-zero plots. Filter approximations – Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic and Bessel – Phase and group delay characteristics of approximation functions – Delay equaliser functions – Frequency transformations.

Unit 2

Review of opamp characteristics: Single opampbiquads – First order LP, HP, BP, All pass filters – Biquad topologies – Analysis and design of single opamp Biquads with finite gain. Analysis and design of LP, HP and BP filter with second order response. Use of bridged T network in active Filters – Sensitivity analysis of single opamp filters.

Unit 3

1. R Schaumann and M E Van Valkenburg, “Design of analog filters”, First Edition, Oxford University Press, 2005.

1. G Daryanani, “Principles of active network synthesis and design”, New York, Wiley, 1976.
2. M Van Valkenburg, “Analog filter design”, New York, Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1982.
3. Franco S., “Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits”, 3rd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
4. Allan Waters, “Active filter design”, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1991.