Publications

Abstract : Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are well used to characterize the brain states and actions. In this paper, a novel empirical wavelet transform (EWT) based machine learning framework is proposed for the classification of alcoholic and normal subjects using EEG signals. In the framework, the adaptive filtering is used to extract Time–Frequency-domain features from Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT). The boundary detection method is used for segmenting the Fourier spectrum of the EEG signals to represent in scale-space. Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT) examines time and frequency information in a single domain using instantaneous amplitude (IA) and instantaneous frequency (IF). The IA and IF are used to form intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The empirical wavelets transform (EWT) using Hilbert–Huang transforms (HHT) extract the statistical features such as mean, standard deviation, variance, skewness, kurtosis, Shannon entropy, and log entropy from each of the intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The extracted features are evaluated by t-test for finding the most significant features. The significant feature matrix is fed to various classification algorithms listed as least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM), support vector machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), and k-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). The leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) is used for training and testing of used models to minimize the chance of overfitting. The results suggest that the highest numbers of the positive samples are obtained using LS-SVM classifier with the polynomial kernel. The LS-SVM also achieved an average accuracy of 98.75%, the sensitivity 98.35%, specificity 99.16%, the precision 99.17%, F-measure 98.76%, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) 97.50%.