Unit 1

Exergy: reversible work and irreversibility, second law efficiency, Exergy change of a system, Exergy transfer by heat, work and mass, Exergy balance for closed and open systems.

Fuels and Combustion: Types of fuel and its properties, Stoichiometry, enthalpy of formation and enthalpy of combustion, adiabatic flame temperature.

Internal combustion engines: Working principles of Spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines. Combustion phenomenon in S.I & C.I. engines. Diesel knock. Octane and Cetane number, Supercharging, Testing and performance of IC engines.

Unit 2

Refrigeration systems: Refrigerants- types and desirable properties, vapor compression and vapor absorption systems.

Air conditioning systems: Psychrometry, Air-conditioning Processes, cooling load calculations.

Air compressors: Working of reciprocating compressors, effect of clearance and volumetric efficiency, adiabatic, isothermal and mechanical efficiencies, multistage compressor, intercooling and its effects.

Unit 3

Steam nozzles: Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles, Supersaturated or metastable expansion of steam in a nozzle.

Steam turbines: Impulse and Reactions turbine, compounding principles.

Gas turbines: Gas turbine cycles, methods to improve efficiency of gas turbines

Course Objectives

• To inculcate concept of second law of thermodynamics applied to engineering devices
• To familiarize the working principle of two stroke and four stroke engines and their performance, combustion analysis
• To discuss types of air compressors and their working principle
• To discuss the principles of refrigeration, air- conditioning, steam nozzle and turbines.

Course Outcomes

After completion of this course, students will be able to

• CO1: Apply energy, entropy and exergy balance for a system
• CO2: Evaluate the combustion properties of reacting mixtures
• CO3: Compute the efficiency of gas and vapor power cycles
• CO4: Analyze the performance of engineering devices such as compressor, IC engines, refrigeration and air- conditioning system
• CO5: Examine the operation of a steam nozzle and work output of the steam turbine using velocity triangles

CO – PO Mapping

Textbook(s)

• Cengel Y. A. & Boles M. A. “Thermodynamics – an Engineering Approach”, 8/e, Tata McGraw Hill, 2016
• Ganesan.V. “Internal Combustion Engines”, 4/e, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012

Reference(s)

• Sonntag R. E., Borgnakke C. & Van Wylen, G. – ‘Fundamentals of Thermodynamics’, John Wiley and Sons , 2004
• Rajput R. K., “Thermal Engineering”,9/e,Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi , 2013

Evaluation Pattern