Unit 1

Introduction and Basic concepts of Fluid Mechanics: Definition and applications, fluid properties: density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, pressure, vapor pressure and cavitation, viscosity, surface tension and capillarity, coefficient of compressibility, isothermal compressibility and coefficient of volume expansion. (8 hours)

Hydrostatics: Pressure distribution in a static fluid – Pascal’s law and hydrostatic law, absolute, gauge and vacuum pressures, static pressure measurement, manometry, hydrostatic force on plane surfaces and curved surfaces, buoyancy, Archimedes principle, Stability of floating bodies, Meta centric height

Fluid: Eulerian and Lagrangian description of fluid flow – material derivative, system and control volume approach for fluid flow analysis – Reynolds Transport Theorem. Flow visualization – streamlines, streak lines, path lines, Flow kinematic properties– velocity, acceleration, linear strain rate, shear strain rate, vorticity and rationality, strain rate tensor

Unit 2

Governing Equations for flow analysis: Mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy and Bernoulli’s equation– its applications. Flow rate measurement -Venturimeter, Orifice meter and Pitot tube. Hydraulic and energy grade lines

Flow in Pipes: Flow in pipes-laminar and turbulent flow. Boundary layer development–entry length, developing and developed flows. Average and maximum velocities, shear stress distribution, pressure drop, Major and minor energy losses in pipes. Moody’s chart. Piping systems- series and parallel connections, Equivalent pipe

Dimensional Analysis and modeling: Significance, Buckingham’s Pi Theorem, Similitude, types of similitude. Model and prototype testing

Unit 3

Introduction to fluid machines:

Centrifugal Pump: working principle, terminologies and classification. Velocity triangles. Pump performance parameters, performance curves. Introduction to cavitation, NPSH and specific speed

Hydraulic turbines: Classification. Impulse and reaction machines-Pelton and Francis Turbines.Velocity Triangles. Performance characteristics

Course Objectives

• To provide knowledge on fundamentals of fluid properties and fluid statics
• To classify the types of flow and evaluate kinematic properties
• To solve the practical problems based on mass, momentum and energy balance equations
• To determine the major and minor losses in a piping network
• To study the performance of centrifugal pumps and hydraulic turbines

Course Outcomes

• CO1: Solve practical problems involving fluid properties and hydrostatic pressure, and predict the stability of floating bodies
• CO2: Evaluate fluid kinematic properties to classify types of fluid flow using flow visualization techniques
• CO3: Apply the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy based on Reynolds Transport Theorem and utilize them in practical problems
• CO4: Estimate the pumping power by considering major and minor losses in flow through pipes
• CO5: Apply dimensional analysis for fluid problems based on Buckingham-Pi Theorem and utilize it for model testing of fluid machineries
• CO6: Analyze the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps and hydraulic turbines

CO – PO Mapping

Textbook(s)

• Cengel Y. A. &Cimbala J., “Fluid Mechanics -Fundamentals and Applications”, 3/e, McGraw Hill Edition, 2013

Reference(s)

• White F.M.,“Fluid Mechanics”, 7/e, McGraw Hill Edition, 2010.
• Pritchard, P.J, Fox &McDonald,“Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”, 8/e, Wiley & Sons, 2011.
• Munson B.R., Okiishi T. H., Wade W.Huebsch W.W. &Rothmayer A.P., “Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics”, 7/e, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

Evaluation Pattern