Unit 1

Objective of ground improvement – In-situ ground improvement methods – Introduction to soil improvements without the addition of many material – surface compaction – compaction piles in sand – impact compaction / dynamic compaction of sands – vibratory compaction in sand – vibroflotation in sand – explosions in sand – Terra probe method – replacement process – vibroflotation in clays – preloading techniques – sand drains – stone columns – introduction to soil improvement by thermal treatment – introduction to biotechnical stabilization.

Unit 2

Introduction to soil improvement by adding materials – lime stabilization – Mechanism – optimum lime content – lime fixation point – effect of lime on physical and engineering properties of soil – lime column method – stabilization of soft clay or silt with lime – stabilization with cement -suitability for soils – effect on properties of soils. Grouting – types – desirable characteristics of grouts – grouting methods – grouting pressure – grouting materials – grouting technology – permeation grouting – compaction grouting – soil fracture grouting – jet grouting – application and limitations – slab jacking, grouted columns – application to dams.

Unit 3

1. Purushothama Raj.P., “Ground Improvement Techniques”, University Science Press, 2009.
2. Swami Saran., “Reinforced soil and its engineering applications”, I. K. International Pvt Ltd, 2010

• Moseley and Kirsch, “Text Book on Ground Improvement”, Spon Press, 2004.
• Shashi K. Gulhati and Manoj Dutta, “Geotechnical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005.
• Boweven R., “Text Book on Grouting in Engineering Practice”, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
• Jewell R. A., “Soil reinforcement with geotextiles – Special Publication 123”, CIRIA Special Publication, Thomas Telford, 1996.
• Donald H. Gray and Robbin B. Sotir, “Text Book on Biotechnical & Soil Engineering Slope Stabilization”, Wiley International, 1996.
• Korener, “Construction & Geotechnical Methods in Foundation Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1986.
• Nihar Ranjan Patra, “Ground Improvement Techniques”, Vikas Publishing House, 2012.