Publication

Abstract : An optically transparent dual-band antenna operates at Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiFi, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications in the automotive environment. The proposed antenna is a coplanar waveguide fed pentagonal patch with a connected ground configuration. The antenna is developed on a soda-lime glass coated with two layers of conductive oxides, viz. fluorine tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO). The dual-layer conductive oxide is chosen to reduce the sheet resistance to 4 Ω/sq thereby improving the antenna radiation properties. The proposed antenna has a footprint of 50 × 50 mm2. The prototype antenna is designed to operate at 1.5–3 GHz in the lower band and 4.3–7 GHz in the upper band with a percentage bandwidth of 61% and 47%, respectively. The prototype antenna is fabricated and the measured optical transmittance is greater than 72%. The antenna has measured peak gain of 0.6 and 2.7 dBi at lower and upper bands respectively. Furthermore, the on-car performance of the antenna is estimated and presented using both simulation and measurement. The study inferred that the proposed antenna is suitable for deployment on the windshield of automobiles.