• LO1: To enable defining and formulating research approaches towards obtaining solutions to practical problems
• LO2: To facilitate development of scientific oral and written communication skills
• LO3: To comprehend the concepts behind adhering to scientific ethics and values

• CO1 Ability to understand some basic concepts of research and its methodologies
• CO2 Ability to define and apply appropriate parameters and research problems
• CO3 Ability to develop skills to draft a research paper
• CO4 Ability to analyse and comprehend the ethical practices in conducting research and dissemination of results in different forms

Meaning of research – Types of research – Research process – Problem definition – Objectives of research – Research questions – Research design – Approaches to research – Quantitative vs. qualitative
approach – Understanding theory – Building and validating theoretical models – Exploratory vs. confirmatory research – Experimental vs theoretical Research – Importance of reasoning in research.

Problem formulation – Conducting literature review – Referencing – Information sources – Information retrieval – Role of libraries in information retrieval – Tools for identifying literatures – Indexing and abstracting services – Citation indexes.

Experimental research – Cause effect relationship – Development of hypothesis -Measurement systems analysis – Error propagation – Validity of experiments – Statistical design of experiments – Field experiments – Data/Variable types & classification – Data collection – Numerical and graphical data analysis – Sampling – Observation – Surveys -Inferential statistics and interpretation of result.

Preparation of dissertation and research papers – Tables and illustrations – Guidelines for writing the abstract, introduction, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion sections of a manuscript – References, citation, and listing system of documents. Ethics of Research- Scientific Misconduct- Forms of Scientific Misconduct. Plagiarism, Unscientific practices in thesis work

Intellectual property: To give an idea about IPR, registration, patents-copyrights, and its enforcement.

Medical Ethics: Moral, Legal, Social, Religious and Cultural Contexts, Information and Consent, Truthfulness, Voluntariness, Patient Data Confidentiality, End-of-Life Ethics, Case Studies, Regulatory Compliance.

1. Bordens, K. S. and Abbott, B. B., Research Design and Methods – A Process Approach, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011.
2. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques, 2nd Edition, New Age International Publishers.
3. Davis, M., Davis K., and Dunagan M., Scientific Papers and Presentations, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Inc.
4. Michael P. Marder, Research Methods for Science, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
5. T. Ramappa, Intellectual Property Rights Under WTO, S. Chand, 2008.
6. Robert P. Merges, Peter S. Menell, Mark A. Lemley, Intellectual Property in New Technological Age. Aspen Law & Business; 6th Edition July 2012.
7. Tony Greenfield and Sue Greener., Research Methods for Postgraduates, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2016.
8. Gopalakrishnan B, Khaute M, Bhat B S, Bhat S, Sastry S R, Kaur K, Menon M, Kamath A, Saha M, Sadhya M, Reflections on Medical Law and Ethics in India, First Edition, Eastern Law House, 2016.