UNIT 1

Introduction – Data Independence – The Three Levels Of Architecture – The External Level – Conceptual Level – Internal Level – Client/Server Architecture- System Structure , Instance and schema, Data Models, Types of DBMS

UNIT 2

Keys – CODD’s Rules, Design Issues -ER – Model –Attribute types- Weak Entity Sets – Extended ER Features –ER to Relational Mapping, Structure Of Relational Databases

UNIT 3

Normalization –Anomalies- Functional Dependency: Armstrong’s axioms- closure of a relation and closure of attribute– Lossless decomposition-1NF, 2NF, 3NF, Boyce – Codd Normal Form

UNIT 4

The Relational Algebra — Query Processing and Optimization: Evaluation of Relational algebra expressions-Query Equivalence-Transaction Processing: ACID properties, states of a transaction-Introduction to concurrency control-Deadlock-Recovery.

UNIT 5

Built in SQL functions- Set operations, Sub Queries-Joins-DCL – TCL- Views – Sequences – Index – Locks PL/SQL Basics – Exceptions – Cursors – Stored Functions – Triggers

Text Book

1. Silberschatz. Korth. Sudarshan: Database System Concepts – 6thEdition Mcgraw-Hill International Edition
2. Ivan Bayross: Sql- PL/SQL The Programming Language Of Oracle- 4rd Edition- Bpb Publications

References

1. C.J. Date: An Introduction To Database Systems – Eighth Edition – Pearson Education Asia
2. Kevin Loney – George Koch: Oracle 9i The Complete Reference Mcgraw-Hill International Edition
3. “Fundamentals of Database Systems” by Elmasri and Navathe